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The Province
of Chefchaouen was created by bearing Dahir law n°
1-75-688 of the 11 Rabia II 1395 (April 23, 1975).
The town of
Chefchaouen, which is the chief town of the Province,
draws its name from the Berber word " CHEFCHAOUEN "
which means " Horns " because of the mountainous nodes
which dominate the city. It was built in year 876 of the
hégire (1.471) by Moulay Ali Ben Rachid.
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| 1 -
SITUATION GEOGRAPHIQUE: |
The Province
of Chefchaouen, located at the North-West of Morocco on
the chain rifaine, is limited to North by the
Mediterranean over a 120 km length, to the South by the
Provinces of Taounate and Sidi kacem, to the East by the
Al Hoceima Province and to the West by the Provinces of
Tétouan and Larache.
In addition, this Province concerns the Area of
Tangier-Tétouan.
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SURFACE AND POPULATION: |
The population
of the Province rose to 439.303 inhabitants, according
to R.G.P.H.'S of 1994, alive on a total surface of 4350
km2 and with an average density of 101 inhabitants per
km2.
Urban population: 42.914 inhabitants (9,77 %)
including 31.410 in the municipality of Chefchaouen..
Rural population: 396.389 inhabitants (90,23 %).
Distribution of the population according to the age:
- Bellow 15 years : 47,7 %
- Between 15 and 24 years: 18,4 %
- Between 25 and 59
years: 27,7 %
- 60 years and more: 06,1 %
Working population:
Total
of the working population: 149.630 inhabitants (33,9 %):
- masculine Sex: 101.120 inhabitants including 10,7 % in
the urban environment.
- feminine Sex: 48.510
inhabitants including 5,4 % in the urban environment.
Rate of schooling (between 8 and 13 years):
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Rate of schooling in the Province: 41,1 %.
- Rate of schooling in the urban environment: 86,4
%.
Rate of illiteracy:
- Rate of illiteracy in
the Province: 70,2 %.
- In urban
environment: 33,3 %.
- In rural environment: 74,7 %.
Originally Berber, the population constitutes the resultant of various migrations and mixture which followed each other to the thread of centuries , in particular Eastern Arab populations and those of Andalus.
The natural, historical and human characteristics of the area have allowed this population to preserve a certain number of cultural specificities, and patrimonial traditions and festivales rich and varied.
In addition, the
Province includes the following tribes: El
Akhmas, Ghomara, Sanhaja, Ghzaoua, Bni Msara and
Arhouna.
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RELIEFS: |
The Province
of Chefchaouen is located on the chain rifaine. The
mountains, of a relatively recent geological structure,
are made of siliceous layers and limestones very broken
with nodes exceeding sometimes 2000 m (Jbel Lakraa 2.159
m and Jbel Tissouka 2.122 m with Bab Taza like Jbel
Tizirane 2.106 in Bab Berred).
The town of
Chefchaouen is located at 600 m of altitude.
One distinguishes in
this Province three varieties from climate:
- the mountainous zone with
the climate typically Mediterranean, rainy and cold in
winter and soft in summer. Precipitations there are most
significant and vary between 800 and 1.400 mm/an
sometimes reaching 2.000 mm/an with falls of snow.
- a semi-arid climate which
dominates the coastal zone with precipitations which
vary between 300 and 400 mm/an.
- the Southern zone is
characterized by a humid climate in winter and dryness in
summer with precipitations oscillating between 900 and
1.300 mm/an.
These strong precipitations, combined with the
morphological characteristics of the ground, expose this
space rifain to the phenomenon of erosion and the
crumbling. Thus, the loss of the ground is estimated at
an annual average of 3.500 tons per km2, that is to say
the strongest loss in Morocco.
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| 5 - WATER
RESOURCES: |
The climatic data and the presence of the relief, offer to the Province of Chefchaouen a potentialities concerning resources of water. It also contain several rivers, some are seasonal and pours on the Mediterranean Sea. As well as some of these rivers nourish rivers of the Loukos and Ouarghas.
Among the most important sources in the Province, there are places to mention: the source of Rass El Maa (oscillating debit between 87 - 1.406 l/sec) supplying the city of Chefchaouen in drinking water, the Chrafat source (oscillating debit between 80 - 200 l/sec) and the source of Magou (oscillating debit between 300 - 800 l/sec).
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Presentation