It consists of 50 discs 61 cm in diameter and can store 5 Mo.
Mini data processing |
1956 - 1970 |
Until there, the computer was an enormous machine inaccessible and intended to treat masses of data without external intervention. The increase in the performances now will make it possible the computer " to communicate " with the human being! It is as at this time as the first computer network ARPANET, ancestor of Internet, will be born.
1955 : Creation of the first ordinator with transistors by Bell: the TRADIC who starts the second generation of computers.
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1956 :IBM market the first hard disk, the RAMAC 305 (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control). It consists of 50 discs 61 cm in diameter and can store 5 Mo. |
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1957 : Creation of the first universal programming language, the FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslator) by John Backus of IBM.
| 1957 : Creation of the TX0 at the laboratory of Lincoln by part of the team which A creates the WhirlWind. Its goal was only to test the technology of the transistors and the ferrite core storages. The great speed of this machine, its simplicity and its interactivity make of it a little the ancestor of the minicomputers and the microcomputers. |
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1957 : Following the launching of the first Spoutnik by the Soviets, the president Dwight D. Eisenhower create the ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) within the DoD (Department of Defense).
1958 : Following a conference between Americans and Europeans is launched the idea of a universal standard language: ALGOL 58 (ALGOrithmic Language).
July 1958 : The first bunker of the network SAGE (American system of defense) becomes operational. The computer AN/FSQ7 (of which the WhirlWind 1951 was the prototype) in each bunker is able to manage 400 planes simultaneously. The last bunker of the network SAGE will close in January 1984.
| 1958 : Launching of the first entirely transistorized commercial computer, the CDC 1604, developed by Seymour Cray. |
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| 1958 : Demonstration of the first circuit intégré create by Texas Instruments . |
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1958 : BELL create the first Modem allowing to transmit binary data on a simple telephone line.
| 1958 : John Mc Carthy, mathematician with the MIT who founded there in 1957 the department of Artificial Intelligence, creates the programming language LISP (LISt Processing) which will have a great influence on the development of the programming object. This language will be initially developed on IBM 7090. |
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1958 : Willy Higinbotham, physicist in Brookhaven National Laboratory creates the first true video game of the history based on a dedicated machine built containing lamps. It was about a play very similar to the play Pong that Atari will come out in 1972.
January 1959 : Texas Instruments announce the creation of the first integrated circuit.
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1959 : The computer ATLAS I university of Manchester introduces two new fundamental technologies for the modern computers: the mémoire virtuelle and the multiprogrammation (multi-tache today would be said;).
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| 1960 : Launching of the series of the computers IBM 360. Until there, each new computer which came out was completely incompatible with the precedents. IBM with series 360 (compatible with 360 degrees), inaugurates the concept of a line of compatible computers between them. This series had a great commercial success. |
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1960 : Publication of the schedule of conditions of the programming language COBOL (Ommon Business Oriented Language). It becomes, after the FORTRAN, the second great universal programming language, making thus quickly disappear the ALGOL.
Juillet 1961 : Leonard Kleinrock MIT publish a first theory on the use of the packet switching to transfer from the data.
1961 : The MAC project; (Multi Access Computer) of the MIT directed by John Mc Carthy with for goal to allow several people to work on a same computer at the same time to eliminate the latencies from the batch processing (or each one launches its programs in a queue and only recovers its results much later). It is the principle of the time-sharing
1959 : Digital create the PDP-1, the first interactive commercial computer (in opposition to large traditional computers of calculation). It was also the first computer " amusing " to use, because of its interactivity. It is in fact very close in its use of the first micro computers which will be sold 20 years more tard.
1960 : SpaceWar!,
The second video game history (makes of it the first interactive video game turning on computer) is developed on Dec PDP-1 by S. Russel, J.M. Graetz and W. Wiitanen, students with the MIT.